Recent Political Developments and Socio-Economic Challenges Facing Adivasi Tea Garden Workers in Assam

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16 April's 2025

JOHAR 

This report presents a consolidated overview of recent socio-political developments concerning the Adivasi community and tea garden workers in Assam, India. It focuses on labor rights, wage revisions, political engagement, and the persistent demand for Scheduled Tribe (ST) status. It also highlights recent protests and systemic issues in welfare implementation as reported by government and independent bodies.


1. Introduction

Assam's tea industry has historically been supported by labor from the Adivasi community, primarily descendants of tribal groups brought during British colonial rule. Despite their critical role in the economy, tea garden workers have long struggled with socio-economic disadvantages, limited political representation, and inconsistent implementation of welfare policies. This report outlines key events and developments from late 2023 to early 2025 that shed light on the evolving dynamics of this issue.

2. Wage Revisions and Political Announcements.

In October 2023, the Assam government announced an increase in the daily minimum wage for tea garden workers:

₹250 per day in the Brahmaputra Valley

₹228 per day in the Barak Valley

Additionally, the government mandated a 20% bonus for Durga Puja and introduced a 3% reservation in state government jobs for tea garden workers and Adivasis in the non-creamy layer. These moves, led by Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma, were positioned as efforts to uplift the Adivasi community economically and socially.

3. Ongoing Protests and Worker Demands.

Despite these measures, unrest continues within the sector. In February 2025, workers at the Isabheel Tea Estate in Shreebhumi district staged a protest against the proposed privatization of the estate. Key demands included:

Timely payment of dues

Ration and housing benefits

Jobs for family members of retired or deceased workers

These protests reflect persistent discontent regarding both private and state management of tea estates.

4. Adivasi Advocacy and Demand for ST Status.

The All Adivasi Students’ Association of Assam (AASAA) has intensified its long-standing campaign for the inclusion of Adivasis in the Scheduled Tribe category. The group cites systemic neglect, lack of land rights, and difficulties in obtaining valid caste certificates for students. They also demand better implementation of the Minimum Wages Act and access to education and health services in tea garden areas.

5. Gaps in Welfare Scheme Implementation.

A 2024 report by the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) sharply criticized the ineffective implementation of tea garden welfare schemes in Assam. Key findings included:

Haphazard project planning due to lack of socio-economic data

Wage disparity between the Brahmaputra and Barak Valleys

Meagre wage levels that fail to meet basic living standards

These issues point to a larger systemic failure in ensuring consistent and equitable support for tea workers.

6. Conclusion

The socio-political landscape surrounding Adivasi tea garden workers in Assam is marked by a mix of political promises, grassroots activism, and deep-rooted structural challenges. While recent government measures signal progress, continued protests and institutional shortcomings indicate a need for more sustained and inclusive policy reform. Recognition of Adivasis as Scheduled Tribes, better wage parity, and efficient welfare delivery remain crucial areas for future development.




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